Bulletins and policies

Issued: May 2012, V.2 Released July 7, 2023

The Archaeology Branch (branch) is the central repository for archaeological information held by the Province of British Columbia. Archaeological information, such as the location and description of archaeological sites, reports on archaeological field work, and maps showing where sites are likely to occur, is available. However, to protect the integrity of archaeological sites, distribution of this information is restricted to cases where sharing this knowledge will facilitate site protection and conservation. The powers to restrict the distribution of archaeological information are found in Part 1, Section 3(3) of the Heritage Conservation Act.

This access policy presents the categories of available information, limitations on distribution, and methods of accessing this information. Appendix A of the Archaeological Information Access Policy (PDF 244 KB) further describes each information category with the associated distribution limitations and access methods.

Archaeological information distributed by the Archaeology Branch should not be forwarded to a third party unless a distribution policy has been developed with the Archaeology Branch.

Categories of available archaeological information

Four categories of archaeological information are available:

• Archaeological Site Records consisting of the site form and maps for each protected archaeological site in the Provincial Archaeological Site Inventory Database.
• Archaeological Permit Reports detailing the results of archaeological impact assessments (AIA), inventories, impact mitigation and research field work authorised under a Heritage Conservation Act permit.
• Archaeological Non-Permit Reports and Books retained by the branch to support archaeological overview assessments (AOA), preliminary field reconnaissance (PFR) and other archaeological work not requiring a Heritage Conservation Act permit.
• Archaeological Spatial Data Layers developed by the Archaeology Branch to assist in archaeological resource management.

Limitations on information distribution

The Archaeology Branch (branch) oversees the distribution of archaeological information where disclosure would contribute to the conservation of archaeological sites protected by the Heritage Conservation Act. Conversely, the branch will refuse to distribute archaeological information where disclosure may result in damage to, or interfere with, the conservation of protected archaeological sites.

User groups of archaeological information

Several user groups require access to archaeological information:

• Accredited Archaeological Researchers – Archaeologists on staff at educational institutes and graduate students requiring archaeological information for research. Graduate students must furnish a letter of support from a member of their thesis committee stating that the information is required for their research and may only retain access during the period of their study. Access should be set to expire upon graduation.
• First Nations Governments – Staff supporting land and resource management, treaty, and land claims.
• Industry – Companies active in land-altering development and resource extraction activities.
• Land Title Conveyance Professionals – working on behalf of a registered land title owner or potential purchaser.
• Local, Provincial and Federal Government Branches – Staff supporting land and resource management planning and authorisations, treaty negotiations and First Nations agreements.
• Private Property Owners – Registered owners of commercial, agricultural or residential property.
• Professional Archaeological Consulting Community – Archaeologists who have held a heritage inspection or investigation permit in the past two years or have Professional or Associate level membership in the BC Association of Professional Archaeologists. Other professional consulting archaeologists may be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Archaeological information is not placed in the public domain and site specific information is not distributed to the general public as this information may be misused to damage archaeological sites. Further, archaeological information will not be released for merchantable products or for avocational research.

Methods of accessing archaeological information

There are three methods of accessing archaeological information held by the Archaeology Branch:

• Information Requests
• Self-Service Access
• Direct Access (Provincial Government branches only)

Information requests

Archaeological site records, archaeological permit reports and Provincial AOA assessment data can be accessed by completing an Archaeological Information Request. To see what kind of information you qualify to receive, see our Request archaeological information page.

Self-service access

Self-service online access is available to the Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD) portal and the Provincial Archaeological Report Library (PARL). 

Access to RAAD and PARL is limited to qualified users of archaeological inventory information requiring repeated access.  Identified groups include:

• Accredited Archaeological Researchers
• First Nations Governments
• Local Governments (RAAD only)
• Provincial and Federal Government Branches
• Professional Archaeological Consulting Community

Self service users must sign an information sharing agreement (PDF, 1.6MB) detailing the terms and conditions of website usage, information access and distribution.  Applicants external to the Provincial government must have a Business BCeID obtained through their company's Business BCeID administrator. The RAAD portal contains archaeological site records, provincial AOA data and archaeological site locations. 

• The PARL portal enables users to search, view, and download reports and includes a print-on-demand service. Archaeological permit reports and selected non-permit reports can be accessed through PARL. 

Self service users must apply for access to our systems by completing and signing an Archaeological Information Sharing Agreement that details the terms and conditions of website usage, information access, and distribution. To apply, applicants external to the Provincial government must have a Business BCeID.

Direct access

BC Geographic Warehouse (BCGW)

Archaeological site locations are held in secure layers within the BC Geographic Warehouse (BCGW).  Direct access to this layer is governed by an information access agreement.

Direct access is only considered for provincial government employees.

Note that Direct access will only be considered for provincial government groups that:

1. Support land and resource management planning and authorisations, treaty negotiations, First Nations agreements and consultation
2. Track users and use of archaeological information

Please contact the Archaeology Branch to discuss access requirements, or download a copy of the Archaeological Information Access Policy and Appendix A (PDF 244 KB).

Issued: April 3, 1996
​Revised: May 7, 1997

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on cultural heritage resource management in Provincial forests is to provide guidance to Archaeology Branch staff, archaeological consultants, and Ministry of Forests (MOF) staff regarding the responsibilities of the Archaeology Branch in implementing the "Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture and Ministry of Forests Protocol Agreement on the Management of Cultural Heritage Resources" (October 1996). Please refer to the protocol agreement for information concerning MOF's responsibilities. The protocol agreement facilitates the requirements of the Heritage Conservation Act (RSBC, Chap. 187, s. 12, 13 and 14), and has been amended to conform with the requirements of the Forest Practices Code of B.C. Act (s. 17(2)(c) and 51) and Operational Planning Regulation (s. 26 and 63).

Mandate

To recognize that cultural heritage resources (archaeological and traditional use sites) are an integral component of Provincial forest lands, and to ensure that these resources are managed in accordance with the provisions of the protocol agreement.

This agreement applies to the Sub-Regional Plan Level (i.e., Land and Resource Management Plans, forestry Management Plans), Operations Plan Level (i.e., Forest Development Plans), and Operations Level (e.g., forestry Cutting Permits and Road Permits).

Authority

The protocol agreement facilitates the requirements of the Heritage Conservation Act (RSBC, Chap. 187, s. 12, 13 and 14), and has been amended to conform with the requirements of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act (s. 17(2)(c) and 51) and Operational Planning Regulation (s. 26 and 63).

Sub-regional plan level

Policy statement

Archaeological overview assessments (AOA's) will be carried out under contract to the Archaeology Branch in conjunction with the development of Land and Resource Management Plans (LRMP's). AOA's determine the archaeological resource potential of areas proposed for forest management activities, and result in predictions regarding archaeological site variability, density and distribution.

Procedures

The Archaeology Branch will:

• Set standards and policies for AOA's
• Manage the information collected in AOA's (e.g., archaeological resource potential maps)
• Coordinate and fund AOA's in accordance with the LRMP schedule, contingent upon funding availability
• Present AOA results for incorporation in LRMP's
• Communicate the results of AOA's to MOF and Inter-agency Management Committees

Operational plan level

Policy statement

Archaeological impact assessments (AIA's) and Traditional Use Studies (TUS) should be undertaken for Forest Development Plans. AIA's determine impacts to archaeological sites as well as site significance, and assist forest licensees in designing, planning and implementing proposed forest activities while minimizing impacts to archaeological resources.

TUS' differ from AIA's, and focus on the identification, assessment and protection of traditional, ceremonial and sustenance activities of aboriginal groups; thereby assisting the province in meeting its legal obligations as determined in the Court of Appeal's decision in Delgamuukw v. The Queen (1993).

Procedures

The Archaeology Branch will:

• Review the results of AIA's to ensure they meet the standards identified in the British Columbia Archaeological Impact Assessment Guidelines
• Develop, and provide ongoing review of, methodological guidelines, policies and procedures for conducting TUS
• Incorporate site inventory data in the Provincial Heritage Register, in accordance with Memoranda of Understanding between MOF and First Nations

Operations level

Policy statement

Archaeological impact management measures (AIM) are to be implemented for operations authorized through pre-harvest silviculture prescriptions, cutting permits, logging plans, road permits, etc. These measures are intended to prevent, avoid or reduce adverse effects of forest management activities on archaeological resources and include mitigation, compensation, surveillance, monitoring and emergency impact management.

Procedures

The Archaeology Branch will:

• Notify MOF of impact management measures required in forest documents (i.e., permits, prescriptions, plans, licences, etc.) upon completion of the branch's review and acceptance of the relevant archaeological impact assessment report

Issued: October 3, 1996
Revised: May 2, 2019

Please note, this section is currently under review. 

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on enforcement of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187) is to provide guidance to Archaeology Branch staff as to the general procedures to be followed when alleged violations of the Act are reported to the branch.

Mandate

To ensure initiation of appropriate enforcement procedures upon learning of an alleged contravention of this legislation.

Authority

Pursuant to section 36(1) of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187), a person who does any of the following commits an offence:

• contravenes section 13(6), 14(1) or (8);
• fails to comply with, or contravenes a requirement or condition of, an order or permit under section 12(2)(a), 14(2) or (4), or 16;
• contravenes section 13(1) or (2).

Issued: September 22, 1999

*Please note, this policy is currently under review.* 

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on found human remains is to provide guidelines to Archaeology Branch staff, archaeologists, other agencies and the public as to branch procedures for handling human remains that may be protected under the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187), and to facilitate the respectful treatment of these remains.

Mandate

Pursuant to section 12.1(2)(b) of the Heritage Conservation Act, a permit is required under section 12.2 or 12.4 before a person can undertake any actions affecting a burial place of historical or archaeological value, human remains or associated heritage objects.

Authority

The Director of the Archaeology Branch and the Manager, Permitting and Assessment Section, have been authorized to exercise the powers of the Minister to issue permits under sections 12.2(2) and 12.4(1), as well as ministerial orders under section 12.3 where necessary for emergency conservation purposes.

Policy statement

Upon notification of the discovery of human remains that are not of forensic concern, the Archaeology Branch will take steps to facilitate the respectful handling and disposition of those remains within the limits of existing funds and program priorities.

Procedures

The following procedures will normally apply in cases where human remains are discovered fortuitously through various land altering activities such as house renovations, road construction or natural erosion; or during archaeological studies conducted under a Heritage Conservation Act permit:

1. Fortuitous Discoveries

In cases where the branch has been notified that human remains have been discovered by chance, the following procedures should normally apply:

• The Coroner's Office and local policing authority should be notified as soon as possible.
• The Coroner's Office should determine whether the matter is of contemporary forensic concern. The branch may provide information and advice that may assist in this determination.
• If the Coroner's Office determines the reported remains are not of forensic concern, the branch will attempt to facilitate disposition of the remains.
• If a cultural affiliation for the remains can be reasonably determined, the branch will attempt to contact an organization representing that cultural group.
• If remains are determined to be of aboriginal ancestry, the branch will attempt to contact the relevant First Nation(s).
• Generally, if remains are still interred and are under no immediate threat of further disturbance, they will not be excavated or removed.
• If the remains have been partially or completely removed, the branch will facilitate disposition.
• If removal of the remains is determined to be appropriate, they will be removed under authority of a permit issued pursuant to section 12.2 or 12.4, or an order under section 12.3 of the Heritage Conservation Act, respecting the expressed wishes of the cultural group(s) represented to the extent this may be known or feasible.
• If circumstances warrant, the branch may arrange for a qualified physical anthropologist or an archaeologist with training in human osteology to provide an assessment of the reported remains in order to implement appropriate conservation measures.
• Analysis should be limited to basic recording and in-field observations until consultation between the branch and appropriate cultural group(s) has been concluded.

2. Permitted Archaeological Projects

In cases where human remains are encountered in the course of a permitted project, the Archaeology Branch should be contacted as soon as possible.

• The remains are to be handled in accordance with the methods specified in the permit, respecting the expressed wishes of the cultural group(s) represented, to the extent that these may be known or feasible.
• If the permit does not specify how remains are to be handled and if the cultural affiliation of the remains can be reasonably determined, the field director or permit-holder should attempt to contact an organization representing that group. The permit-holder or field director should advise the branch of the organization contacted, and any wishes expressed by that organization.
• The branch, in consultation with the appropriate cultural group(s), will determine disposition of the remains.
• Analysis should be limited to basic recording and in-field observations, until consultation between the branch and appropriate cultural group(s) has been concluded.

Issued: January 26, 1996
Revised: March 12, 1999

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on Heritage Permits is to provide guidelines to Archaeology Branch staff and permit applicants as to the information the branch should take into account when reviewing applications, the general procedures to be followed by branch staff in processing an application, and the general procedures that should be followed upon issuance of permits.

Mandate

Pursuant to section 13 of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187), a permit issued under section 12 or 14 is required before a person can undertake any actions affecting heritage objects as referred to in subsection 13(1) or affecting heritage sites as referred to in subsection 13(2), or any activities referred to in subsection 14(1) of the Act.

Authority

Pursuant to Section 12(1) and Order in Council 1254 (1995), the Director of the Archaeology Branch and the Manager, Permitting and Assessment Section, have been authorized in writing by the Minister to exercise the powers of the Minister to issue permits under Sections 12(2) and 14(2) of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187).

Policy statement

There are three basic categories of activities for which permits are most often sought: academic research, resource management, and alterations to sites to facilitate development. Academic research and resource management activities most often require heritage investigation or inspection permits pursuant to Section 14(2), while alteration permits are sought under the provisions of Section 12(2).

When making a decision or recommendation as to issuance of a permit under sections 12(2) and 14(2) of the Heritage Conservation Act, the Archaeology Branch should take into account the following:

• The nature and justification of proposed activities;
• The training, experience and logistical ability of an applicant to successfully complete the proposed activities (inspection and investigation permits only);
• Comments provided by any First Nation known to assert a traditional interest in the area of the proposed activities; and
• Other relevant information.

For academic research permits, the branch will consider all of the following criteria or equivalent information as it applies to the person carrying out the work being authorized (applicant or field director if different from the applicant):

• BA degree in archaeology, or anthropology with a specialty in archaeology, or is an advanced student (third or fourth year) working under the direction of a supervisor who has previously held a permit;
• Experience conducting archaeological site survey (approx. 20 working days);
• Experience conducting archaeological excavation (approx. 60 working days) that includes approximately 20 days supervising excavations (investigation permits only);
• Compliance with all requirements and conditions of previous permits held (if any);
• Access to facilities and the services of related specialists required to carry out field work, analysis and report preparation;
• Can arrange for the proper curation of recovered cultural materials at a repository that is acceptable to the Archaeology Branch.

For resource management permits, as decisions are often irreversible and can form the basis of subsidiary decisions that may result in the loss of archaeological resources, additional qualifications are desirable. In these cases, the branch will consider all of the following criteria or equivalent information as it applies to the person carrying out the work being authorized (applicant or field director if different from the applicant):

• MA degree in archaeology, or anthropology with a specialty in archaeology, or BA degree with an equivalent combination of post-graduate training and experience;
• Experience in archaeological resource management (approx. 360 working days) that includes approximately 40 days supervising archaeological impact assessments in the general culture area for which the permit is sought (e.g., Northwest Coast, Interior Plateau, Sub-Arctic/Northern Boreal Forest);
• Experience conducting archaeological excavation (approx. 60 working days) that includes approximately 20 days supervising mitigation projects (investigation permits only);
• Senior author of an archaeological impact assessment report consistent with the reporting guidelines outlined in Appendix A of the British Columbia Archaeological Impact Assessment Guidelines;
• Compliance with all requirements and conditions of previous permits held (if any);
• Access to facilities and the services of related specialists required to carry out field work, analysis and report preparation;
• Can arrange for the proper curation of recovered cultural materials at a repository that is acceptable to the Archaeology Branch.

Review procedures

Upon receipt of an application for permit in the Archaeology Branch, the following procedures will normally be undertaken:

• The Manager, Permitting and Assessment, assigns the application to a Project Officer for internal review (a peer review may also be conducted if appropriate);
• The Project Officer reviews the Application for completeness of information; if found incomplete, additional information is requested from the applicant;
• Complete Applications are referred by the Manager to First Nations asserting traditional interest in the proposed study area, with a request for comment, preferably in writing, within a reasonable time, usually 15-30 days;
• Written comments that identify concerns over the study methodology are referred by the Manager to the applicant for response;
• The Manager makes a decision as to permit issuance, or makes a recommendation to the Director, Archaeology Branch, with respect to issuance, based on the review comments provided by both the Project Officer and First Nation(s).

Permits will be issued from the Archaeology Branch in a standard format and, pursuant to section 12(3) of the Act, may include specific requirements, specifications or conditions the issuing authority considers appropriate. Generally, the following terms and conditions will apply to all heritage inspection and investigation permits involving archaeological activities:

• permits shall only be valid for the term stipulated on the permit form, unless otherwise cancelled. Extensions will be considered upon submission of an application at least 30 days prior to the expiry date of the permit;
• permit-holders shall provide the branch with one bound copy of a written report outlining the work carried out under the terms of the permit;
• a person designated by the branch may at any time inspect work authorized by permits, including records and materials recovered;
• upon completion of any inspections or investigations involving excavations or other site alterations, permit-holders shall make all reasonable efforts to restore sites as nearly as possible to their former condition;
• permit-holders must utilize any recording forms, formats or systems required by the branch;
• archaeological impact assessment and management studies must conform with the British Columbia Archaeological Impact Assessment Guidelines (Archaeology Branch 1998);
• prior to permit issuance, permit-holders must arrange for a secure repository to curate any materials that may be collected under the authority of the permit.

Permit reporting procedures

Generally, the deadline for submission of written reports to the branch shall be four months after the completion of field work, unless otherwise agreed to by the branch and the applicant during the application review process.

Upon issuance of a heritage inspection permit for a site survey (inventory or assessment), the following reporting procedures will generally apply:

• only temporary site numbers are to be used in the field - permanent site numbers will not be assigned by the branch until completed site inventory forms have been submitted;
• British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory Forms must be submitted to the branch, prior to or at the same time as the permit report, for all sites recorded during the survey and should contain 1:50,000 scale NTS map inserts with site locations accurately plotted;
• permit reports submitted to the branch must be accompanied by 1:50,000 scale NTS map inserts with site locations accurately plotted if not submitted with site forms;
• the provenience of all excavated and surface collected archaeological materials must be recorded where possible.

Upon issuance of a heritage investigation permit for systematic data recovery or extensive research excavations, the following recording and reporting procedures will generally apply:

• establishment of horizontal base lines related to a permanent reference point or datum;
• establishment of a permanent vertical datum from which to calculate all depth measurements;
• preparation of an accurate site map delineating all reference points and ground contours;
• use of a field journal to document all pertinent site information, e.g., location of site map reference points, excavation unit selection criteria, etc.;
• keep accurate records of artifact provenience, and natural and cultural associations;
• record provenience for, and objective descriptions on, natural and cultural matrices (aids such as Munsell soil colour charts should be utilized);
• submission of updated site inventory forms with preliminary reports.

This July 2024 version of the Interim Permit Reporting Policy (PDF 336 KB) describes interim reporting requirements for assessments conducted under the authority of Heritage Conservation Act permits administered by the Archaeology Branch. The BC Energy Regulator also uses interim reports and may apply portions of this policy to their process.

This policy replaces the August 2023 version and supplements both the Archaeological Impact Assessment Guidelines (PDF 415 KB) and the Site Form Requirements (PDF 7 MB). 

The Multi-Assessment Permit Policy (PDF 295 KB) (April 28, 2025) updates and replaces the previous Blanket Permit Policy (April 3, 2019).

Issued: January 15, 1997
Revised: May 7, 1997

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on recording petroglyphs is to provide guidance to Archaeology Branch staff, rock art researchers, consulting archaeologists and the public as to the considerations that should be taken into account and the general procedures to be followed when recording this type of site.

A petroglyph is an aboriginal rock carving. Petroglyphs are protected under the provisions of the Heritage Conservation Act. Any recording technique involving direct application of materials to the surface of petroglyphs should only be undertaken when other methods of recording are not adequate for research or resource management purposes. Casting and making rubbings of petroglyphs are two methods of recording and replicating the physical characteristics of rock carvings. However, both methods may cause the loss of surface rock, lichen and rock varnish (surface patina), and have the potential to significantly damage carvings on soft stones such as sandstone.

Mandate

To facilitate the protection and conservation of rock art sites of historical or archaeological value.

Authority

Under section 13(2)(c) of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996 RSBC, Chap. 187), a person must not damage, alter, cover or move an aboriginal rock painting or carving that has historical or archaeological value. A permit issued under section 12 or 14 of the Act is required before a person can undertake any actions affecting petroglyphs.

Pursuant to section 12(1), the Director and Manager, Permitting and Assessment Section, of the Archaeology Branch have been authorized in writing by the Minister to exercise the powers of the Minister to issue permits under sections 12(2) and 14(2) of the Heritage Conservation Act.

Policy statement

A permit, pursuant to section 12 or 14 of the Heritage Conservation Act, will be required for casting or making rubbings of petroglyphs unless the Archaeology Branch is provided with a report from a professional conservator stating that the proposed activity will not alter (i.e., change in any manner) the petroglyph(s).

Operational procedures

When proposing to record petroglyphs utilizing techniques involving the direct application of materials to the surface of the rock, the following procedures will normally be undertaken:

• A professional conservator must have examined the petroglyph(s), and provided a written opinion as to whether or not the recording technique is likely to alter the petroglyph(s);
• A permit must be obtained from the Archaeology Branch only in cases where a conservator has determined that the proposed recording technique(s) is likely to alter the petroglyph;
• A permit application is to be submitted to the Archaeology Branch for review in accordance with branch permit application review procedures.

Issued: October 15, 2008
Revised: November 17, 2008

The British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory and the Provincial Heritage Register The Archaeology Branch contributes to a centralized listing of protected heritage sites and objects by collecting, maintaining and distributing information for:

1. Provincial heritage sites (i.e., land that is designated under Section 9 of the Heritage Conservation Act) that are archaeological in nature
2. Heritage sites and objects that are included under an agreement with First Nations (under Section 4 of the Act)
3. Known heritage sites that are protected under Section 13(2) of the Act. These would include: a.
   • Burial places
   • Aboriginal rock paintings or carvings
   • Sites that contain artifacts, features, materials or other physical evidence of human habitation or use before 1846
   • Heritage wrecks

The Archaeology Branch stores these records in the British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory. This inventory and other records contributed by the Heritage Branch for buildings, structures and other non-archaeological sites are combined to form the Provincial Heritage Register.

Collecting archaeological site information

There are three common sources of information for the British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory:

1. Information submitted by the general public
2. Site information collected by a qualified professional archaeologist working under a Heritage Conservation Act permit
3. Non-permitted submissions by archaeological researchers

The Archaeology Branch encourages archaeological site information to be submitted by the general public for inclusion in the inventory. Observations regarding individual sites may be reported to the Archaeology Branch. Archaeological Site Inventory staff will assist in gathering the required site documentation.

Specific requirements for permitted or non-permitted submissions by archaeological researchers can be found in the Minimum Content and Format Requirements for Recording Archaeological Sites bulletin. Briefly, archaeological site information is collected using the British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory Form and the contents of the form are prescribed by the British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory Form Guide. Heritage shipwreck information is collected using the British Columbia Shipwreck Recording Form and Guide.

Archaeological site records may be submitted to the Branch via mail or email. If authorized, archaeological researchers can directly enter their site information into the database using the Archaeological Data Import Facility. 

Maintaining archaeological site information

Archaeological site information records submitted to the Archaeology Branch are reviewed by staff for accuracy, completeness, and consistency with the British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory Form Guide, applicable permitting methodology and conditions, and relevant bulletins. Upon acceptance of the site form, a unique identifier for the site is issued (the Borden Number). In the case of permitted work, the Borden Number is transmitted to the permit holder.

British Columbia Archaeological Site Inventory records containing both textual and spatial data are stored electronically in the Heritage Resource Inventory Application. A paper copy of the record is archived on site. Borden numbers are issued within 10 working days of receiving an acceptable site form, and all site data is entered into the database within 45 working days.

Distribution of site information

Archaeological site information is sensitive as releasing this information into the public domain may result in looting and destruction of a site. Therefore, the Archaeology Branch controls and releases information on a “need to know” basis pursuant to Section 3(3) of the Heritage Conservation Act.

The different methods of accessing information, the types of information disclosed to various client groups, and limitations concerning data use and distribution are detailed in the Access to Archaeological Site Information policy. Briefly, archaeological site information may be requested by:

• Personally completing a data request form at the Archaeology Branch
• Submitting a data request form by fax
• Mailing a data request to the Archaeology Branch
• Submitting an online data request via the Archaeology Data Request Form

Records for specific archaeological sites are provided where it can be shown that distribution of the records will benefit the management or conservation of these sites. Site specific archaeological information is not provided to support general research, avocational interest or any merchantable product.

Purpose

The purpose of this directive on managing heritage trails in Provincial forests is to provide guidance to Archaeology Branch and Ministry of Forests (FOR) staff regarding the branch's responsibilities in ensuring protection and management of heritage trails on Crown lands administered by FOR and to ensure that these trails are considered in FOR's forest planning and operations.

Mandate

To recognize that heritage trails performed an important role in the development of British Columbia and have a significant place in its history, to provide for designation of the most significant trails as Provincial heritage sites under authority of the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187), and to provide for the preparation of Management Plans to ensure heritage and recreational values of such trails are maintained for the enjoyment of all British Columbians. Details for carrying out this mandate are expanded upon in the Memorandum of Agreement noted under "Authority."

Authority

Legislative authority derives from the Heritage Conservation Act (1996, RSBC, Chap. 187, s. 9 and 13(2)(d)). Operational authority derives from the Memorandum of Agreement on Heritage Trails between the Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture and the Ministry of Forests that was updated on May 24,1995.

• Memorandum of Agreement on Heritage Trails between the Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture and the Ministry of Forests, May 24,1995 (PDF 179 KB)

Policy statement

The Ministry of Forests (FOR) will recognize significant heritage trails through designation as Provincial heritage sites pursuant to s. 9 of the Heritage Conservation Act, and will allow for their subsequent management by FOR following development of a mutually approved management plan.

When making a decision to designate a trail, the following factors should be given consideration:

• The amount of evidence of the original route on the ground;
• Existence of reasonable historical documentation;
• Associated recreational values;
• The degree of local public support;
• Compatibility with other use in the area;
• Support of other agencies having jurisdiction over the land; and
• The need for protection

Heritage trails that are not designated shall be considered through normal FOR forest planning and operational procedures.

Procedures

The Archaeology Branch will normally:

• Identify and prioritize candidate trails for designation as Provincial heritage sites;
• Secure FOR agreement of select trails, or sections of trails, for designation and prepare the necessary Order(s) in Council for approval;
• Upon designation of a trail as a Provincial heritage site, with public and First Nation(s) input, work with FOR to jointly develop and approve a trail Management Plan;
• Prior to completion of an approved Management Plan, consider issuing permits to alter designated heritage trails in cases where FOR provides compelling reasons;
• Upon completion of a Management Plan approved by the branch and FOR, recommend delegation of authority to issue permits to alter designated trails to FOR District Managers;
• Review the Management Plan(s) every 5 years, or sooner by mutual agreement with FOR, and amend as required.
• Cooperate with FOR in evaluating and providing recommendations for management of other heritage trails which are not designated as Provincial heritage sites.

Updated: December 9, 2019

[This Bulletin replaces the version of Bulletin 3 posted October 10, 2002, incorporates Bulletin 9, posted January 12, 2004, and Bulletin 20, last amended May 22, 2009, and replaces the client certification previously available on the Archaeology Branch’s website.]

The Archaeology Branch (Branch) requires client consent and disclosure of personal information to process Heritage Conservation Act (HCA) permit applications. This bulletin clarifies how and why consent is obtained, what information is collected, and how this information is managed. Permit applications also seek copyright in order to allow the copy and distribution of final reports summarising permitted assessments.

Obtaining client certification and endorsement

1. Permits issued under Section 12.2 of the HCA (heritage inspection and heritage investigation permits) require a representative of the proponent to sign the client certification. This ensures clients understand and concur with the proposed work and the application’s terms and conditions. Section 12.2(3) of the HCA states “The person named as a proponent in an application for a permit under subsection (2) is liable to pay for a heritage inspection or heritage investigation authorized by the permit.”

At the time of permit application submission, the application must identify at least one proponent. The Client Certification Form (DOCX 113 KB) can be used to add additional proponent to an existing permit; each new proponent must sign the client certification.

The HCA was amended in 2019 to allow the Archaeology Branch to require an assessment of known sites under Section 12.2, where appropriate, to inform a decision whether or not to issue a Section 12.4 permit to authorise alterations to archaeological sites. The Branch requires a client endorsement in certain circumstances to assert the proponent has commissioned the archaeological study of their own accord, to support land-use decisions. The endorsement is required where there are no recorded archaeological sites, or where assessment is not required by another agency or under a HCA Ministerial Order. The endorsement is not required where the Province is the proponent (e.g., Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure) or a Crown Corporation (e.g., BC Hydro).

2. Permits issued under Section 12.4 (alteration permits) may be applied for by an individual seeking authority to alter or impact an archaeological site protected under provisions of the HCA. By signing the permit applicant certification, applicant(s) certify they understand and consent with the proposed work and application’s terms and conditions.  

Download the Client Certification Form (DOCX 113 KB) or find it on the Archaeological Permits page.

Collection of personal information

Permit applicants and their clients must consent to the Branch’s use of personal information, as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses are included in permit applications, site inventory forms, and/or permit reports. The collection, management, and distribution of personal information is subject to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.

Consent is not required of corporations, if only business contact information is used throughout applications, site forms, and reports. Business contact information is not considered personal information. Property owners who are not corporations must consent to the use of this information if the application applies to private property.

Permit applications include the following:

"I consent to the Archaeology Branch’s use of personal information contained in this application, as well as the personal information contained in the resulting site inventory form and permit report, for contact and verification purposes. I understand this information will be retained in the provincial archaeological site database and permit report. I also understand this information may be disclosed to researchers, consulting archaeologists and other users of the database and permit report. Database users must identify themselves and the purpose of their information request, and are precluded from distribution of the information they obtain with unauthorised parties. The permit report will be available on the Provincial Archaeological Report Library (PARL) once it has been accepted as meeting permit terms and conditions."

For large projects which overlap numerous private properties, the Branch may apply the following condition:

"Due to privacy concerns, the final report and site record(s) shall not contain the name of any private land owner whose property may be considered under this study."

Obtaining permit report copyright

The Provincial Archaeology Report Library (PARL) allows authorized users to search, view, and download archaeological reports. To allow the Branch to place digital copies of reports on PARL, copyright owners must grant a license to the Province of British Columbia that enables the Province to copy and distribute these reports. The original copyright owner retains copyright ownership; the Province will simply have a license to copy and distribute the reports. Permit report copyright owners are encouraged to grant copyright licenses to facilitate access to archaeological information. Copyright may also be granted for non-permitted reports to encourage data sharing.

Permit reports for which a license is not granted to the Province cannot be included in PARL, as the Branch cannot legally copy and distribute those reports.

Consequently, copyright owners who refuse to grant a license to the Province may be restricted from accessing other licensed works on PARL and photocopying reports. Individuals working on behalf of a copyright owner who has refused to grant a license to the Province may also be restricted from accessing Branch records. Refusing to grant a license does not affect permit eligibility.

Copyright ownership (©) must be identified on the title page of each final permit report, or on the second page if there is insufficient space on the title page.

The copyright owner may be the corporate employer of the report author, the client for whom the report was written, the actual author, or the Province of British Columbia if written while employed by the Province. The Grant of License reads:

Thank you for ensuring informed consent is obtained prior to applying for permits and collecting personal information, as well as obtaining copyright licence to allow the Branch to share access to archaeological information through PARL.

Issued: December 7, 2016

Applications for permits to conduct archaeological impact assessments of oil and gas developments in northeastern British Columbia have included provisions for inspections to be conducted when the ground is snow-covered and/or frozen since 2003. Winter testing methods and results have been considered since Bulletin 5 was initially issued. As a result, winter methods are seen as an approved approach, regardless of sector, to subsurface testing in northeast B.C., where lithic sites are the most prevalent site type. Such inspections are authorized as discussed below.

Furthermore, subsurface testing may be conducted in locations elsewhere in the province, provided the locations were previously visited under snow and frost-free conditions and evaluated to contain archaeological potential for subsurface archaeological resources.

Applications which provide for evaluative units and systematic data recovery under winter conditions must provide the proposed methods (including artificial heating to produce snow and frost-free conditions) for review and approval .

Applications for permits to conduct inspections under conditions of snow-covered and/or frozen ground which deviate from the current templates must outline methods that include:

• Criteria for the identification of landforms to be tested
• Specification of conditions, such as deep snow cover, that make identification of the relevant landforms unreliable, and winter inspections inappropriate
• An effective method of removing adequate samples of frozen soil from subsurface tests
• Appropriate test dimensions
• Appropriate test intervals or frequencies
• Methods for controlled excavation of optional evaluative units
• Methods for maintaining provenience control
• Provision for facilities for transporting and processing the collected samples
• Methods for the analysis of cultural materials identified in collected samples

Updated: December 27, 2019

During the 1980s, the Archaeology Branch worked with the then Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources to develop and implement a referral process for oil and gas exploration and development projects in northeastern British Columbia. This process recognized and accommodated the needs of the oil and gas industry with respect to both short turnaround times and the fact that these activities must largely be undertaken during the winter season due to operational and environmental constraints. At the same time, it was recognized that satisfactory methods for conducting archaeological impact assessments (AIAs) under winter conditions had not been developed. Given these considerations, it was decided that the only practical approach was to conduct post-construction AIAs provided that negative impacts to archaeological sites would be offset through the systematic recovery and analysis of archaeological data as a compensatory measure.

Over the last couple of years advances have been made in winter methodologies, thereby enabling AIAs to be conducted under frozen ground and snow covered conditions in advance of oil and gas developments. Methodologies for conducting AIAs during the winter season are the subject of Information Bulletin Number 5. As noted in that Bulletin, conducting pre-construction AIAs is advantageous in that some sites that would otherwise be impacted by development activities can be identified and avoided.

While it is now possible to conduct AIAs prior to the initiation of most oil and gas activities, it is recognized that uncertainties exist in terms of the timing and location of seismic programs. It is also recognized that there is a need to consider exceptions for other development activities on a case-by-case basis. In light of these considerations, permit applications for seismic programs must now be submitted separately from applications for other oil and gas projects. For other projects, a one time exception will be made to the general rule to enable permit applicants to conduct post-construction AIAs where they have made commitments in permit applications prior to 2005. In those cases, applicants may submit a multi-assessment permit application to complete the AIAs. In other cases where a post-construction AIA is thought to be warranted, permit applications must be submitted individually for each project. Therefore, no more multi-assessment permits will be issued for post-construction AIAs of oil and gas exploration and development projects in northeastern British Columbia with the exception of seismic programs.

Issued: June 14, 2005

The need for consistent advice on permit requirements when working within the boundaries of an archaeological site protected under section 13(2)(d) of the Heritage Conservation Act was raised at a workshop held in March 2005 between Archaeology Branch staff and the archaeological consulting community.

Section 13(2) of the Act states in part that: “Except as authorized by a permit issued under section 12 or 14, or an order issued under section 14, a person must not…(d) damage, excavate, dig in or alter, or remove any heritage object from, a site (emphasis added) that contains artifacts, features, materials or other physical evidence of human habitation or use before 1846…” Alter is defined in the Act as “…to change in any manner…”

An archaeological site consists of the physical remains of past human activity for which the scientific study of these remains, through the methods and techniques employed in the discipline of archaeology, is essential to the understanding of the pre- and post-contact periods in British Columbia. Archaeological sites occupy a space on and within the ground, and are normally delineated by a site boundary.

If work is to be conducted within the boundary of a protected archaeological site, and if the ground or protected above ground features such as culturally modified trees are to be altered, then a permit is required. Should it be possible to work within a site boundary without disturbing the ground or protected above ground features, then a permit is not required. Examples of the latter case include:

1. Conducting forestry operations in sufficient snow cover and frozen ground conditions within the boundaries of an archaeological site containing buried deposits and no surface features, and
2. Harvesting either non-culturally modified trees or culturally modified trees post-dating 1846 with a feller buncher stationed outside a site boundary or with a helicopter.

However, in both cases soils must be stable and protected culturally modified trees must be wind firm.

Issued: November 8, 2007

The Ministry of Transportation (MoT) uses the Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD) website to identify protected archaeological sites that may lie within a proposed subdivision. If a site is identified, MoT may require the site area to be placed under a restrictive covenant as a condition of subdivision approval. 

These restrictive covenants are agreements between the land owner and the Province that define activities that may or may not be allowed in a specific portion of the subject property. The covenants are drawn up by the subdivision proponent and reviewed by the Province.

The Archaeology Branch, in co-operation with MoT, has written guidelines to develop covenants for the protection of archaeological sites. Central to these guidelines is the requirement to engage a qualified archaeologist to ensure that the boundaries of the restrictive covenant area and list of controlled activities allow the archaeological site to be effectively and efficiently protected. The following points outline the process for the archaeologist:

• In cases where there is an existing description of the archaeological site boundary (e.g., the site is recorded and mapped in RAAD), the accuracy and currency of the site boundary information must be confirmed by the archaeologist before the boundary is surveyed by a British Columbia Land Surveyor. For inaccurate records, it may be necessary to determine the boundaries in the field. If such work requires subsurface testing or any other method that may potentially alter a protected site, the work must be carried out under a Heritage Conservation Act permit. The permit application should state that the work is at the inventory level to determine site boundaries so that the site may be protected under a restrictive covenant, consistent with the Archaeology Branch Memorandum “Development of Restrictive Covenants for the Protection of Archaeological Sites.” (PDF 136 KB)
• The archaeologist may also determine the need for a buffer around the site for adequate protection. 
• The archaeologist should confer with the British Columbia Land Surveyor to ensure the site boundaries are appropriately marked in the field for the surveyor.
• The archaeologist must submit a letter to the land owner which confirms site boundary accuracy and currency and may include other comments pertinent to site protection, such as the recommendation for restricted activities beyond those listed below (which will already be included in the restrictive covenant). The listed restricted activities will be adequate in most situations to protect the site. Occasionally, however, additional terms may be required (e.g., a site with preserved organic remains will have to be protected from drying out).
• The Archaeology Branch, upon receipt of the letter as part of the draft restrictive covenant, will review any recommended restrictions and conditions to determine if they will achieve the goal of site protection.

Controlled activities included in restrictive covenants are:

• Depositing on the land, or any part of it, any earth, fill or other material for the purpose of filling in or raising the level of the land;
• Removing, destroying, damaging or disturbing any Heritage Conservation Act protected archaeological object;
• Removing or displacing any soil (or beach material) from the land;
• Constructing, erecting or placing any building, modular home, mobile home or unit, improvement or structure on the land.

A copy of the MoT guidelines for establishing a restrictive covenant may be found in the Development of Restrictive Covenants for the Protection of Archaeological Sites (PDF 136 KB).

Issued: March 22, 2017

The purpose of Bulletin 27 – Culturally Modified Tree Guidelines is to provide a compilation of current Archaeology Branch (the ‘Branch’) policy and guidelines regarding the assessment and analysis of culturally modified trees. This supplemental bulletin summarizes key information from several sources, provides additional guidance, and presents opportunities for future research. Consult the Branch’s Culturally Modified Trees Handbook (PDF 39 MB) for additional information and illustrations. 

• Culturally Modified Trees Guidelines (PDF, 404 KB)

• Bulletin 28 - Wet Site Guidelines (PDF, 427 KB)

• Bulletin 1: Recording post-1846 CMTs
  • ​Information moved to Defining Archaeological Site Boundaries (PDF 404 KB)
• Bulletin 2: Recording Property Identifiers
  • Information moved to Site Form Guide (PDF 391 KB)
• Bulletin 4: New Archaeological Site Inventory Form & Guide
  • Archived
• Bulletin 6: Copying permit report review comments to clients
  • Incorporated into permit application templates
• Bulletin 7: Standards for electronic submission of Permit Reports
  • Incorporated into permit application templates
• Bulletin 8: Permit report citations
  • Incorporated into permit application templates
• Bulletin 9: Client Certification
  • Combined with updated Bulletin 3 on December 9, 2019
• Bulletin 10: Interim permit reporting procedures
  • Archived. Replaced by the Interim Permit Reporting Policy (PDF 117 KB) on August 24, 2023.
• Bulletin 11 
  • Archived. Protocol Agreement with the BC Oil and Gas Commission (PDF 186 KB)
• Bulletin 12: Lumping and Splitting of Archaeological Site Boundaries
  • ​Information moved to Defining Archaeological Site Boundaries and Protection Status (PDF 404 KB)
• Bulletin 13: Development Application Review Process and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists
  • Replaced by the HCA Permitting Process Policy Guide (PDF 1.8 MB)  on April 20, 2020
• Bulletin 16
  • Information moved to Bulletin 27
• Bulletin 18: Site alteration permit reports
  • Incorporated into permit application templates
• Bulletin 19: Minimum Content and Format Requirements for Recording Archaeological Sites
  • Archived. 
• Bulletin 20: Permit Report Copyright
  • Combined with updated Bulletin 3 on December 9, 2019
• Bulletin 22: Enhanced Site Form Mapping Standards
  • ​Information moved to Site Form & Mapping Requirements (PDF 9.7 MB)
• Bulletin 23: Recording Archaeological Study Areas
  • ​Information moved to Site Form & Mapping Requirements (PDF 9.7 MB)
• Bulletin 24: Annual Reporting for multiyear archaeology inspection studies
  • Incorporated into permit application templates
• Bulletin 25: Notice of invitation to comment on proposed field assessments conducted under Heritage Inspection Permits
  • Replaced by the Multi-Assessment Permit Policy (PDF 262 KB)  - updated April 20, 2020